Saturday, June 3, 2017

New Issue: Europa Ethnica

The latest issue of Europa Ethnica (Vol. 74, nos. 1/2, 2017). Contents include:
  • Jürgen Pirker, Recht und Symbolik Die neue Verfassung des Landes Kärnten in Volksgruppenfragen
  • Georg Kremnitz, Situation de l’occitan en 2017 : Une esquisse
  • René Petráš, Definition of Minorities in Czechoslovakia
  • Ines Gruber, Die Auswirkungen der Kommunistischen Ära auf die Minderheiten Mittel-Osteuropas
  • Peter Hilpold, Die Südtiroler Ortsnamenregelung – ein rechtlich unlösbares Problem?

SFDI: La mise en œuvre de la lex specialis dans le droit international contemporain

The Société Française pour le Droit International has published La mise en œuvre de la lex specialis dans le droit international contemporain : Journée d'études de Lille (Pedone 2017). Contents include:
  • Mario Prost, Les flottements de la lex specialis
  • Vincent Correia, L’adage lex specialis derogat generali Réflexions générales sur sa nature, sa raison d’être et ses conditions d’application
  • Aurélie Tardieu, L’articulation de la lex specialis avec les autres règles de conflit et clauses spéciales
  • Dirk Pulkowski, Leges speciales et régimes autonomes
  • Muriel Ubéda-Saillard, Exclusion ou application du droit plus général : les effets ambivalents de la lex specialis
  • Concepción Escobar Hernández, L’enrichissement réciproque du droit spécial et du droit plus général : la place du droit spécial dans la codification de la Commission du droit international
  • Franck Latty, Le point de vue du droit international des investissements
  • Isabelle Fouchard, La lex specialis à l’épreuve de la pratique du droit international humanitaire
  • Myriam Benlolo-Carabot, Le point de vue du droit de L’Union Européenne
  • Aurélien Camus, Le juge administratif français et la mise en œuvre de la lex specialis pour coordonner les normes internationales
  • Nicolas Angelet, La lex specialis et la liberté de l’interprète

Friday, June 2, 2017

New Issue: Transnational Dispute Management

The latest issue of Transnational Dispute Management (2017, no. 2) is out. This is a special issue on "Non-Legal Adjudicators in National and International Disputes." The table of contents is here.

Call for Abstracts: International and Comparative Disaster Law Essay Contest

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the American Society of International Law Disaster Law Interest Group, the Jean Monnet Module on “International and EU Law” at Roma Tre University, and the International Disaster Law Project of the Universities of Bologna, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Roma Tre, and Uninettuno have issued a call for abstracts for the second annual International and Comparative Disaster Law Essay Contest. The call is here.

Thursday, June 1, 2017

Eger, Oeter, & Voigt: International Law and the Rule of Law under Extreme Conditions

Thomas Eger (Univ. of Hamburg - Law), Stefan Oeter (Univ. of Hamburg - Law), & Stefan Voigt (Univ. of Hamburg - Law) have published International Law and the Rule of Law under Extreme Conditions: An Economic Perspective. Contributions to the XIVth Travemünde Symposium on the Economic Analysis of Law (March 27–29, 2014) (Mohr Siebeck 2017). Contents include:
  • Eli Salzberger, Introduction into the topic
  • Hans-Joachim Heintze, Souvereignty and the Protection of Persons in the Event of Desasters
  • Comment by Wolfgang Weigel
  • Peter Lewisch, International Catastrophes – an Obligation to Cooperate?
  • Comments by Deborah Shmueli & Matthias Lemke
  • Hans-Heinrich Trute, How to deal with Transnational Pandemics?
  • Comment by Andreas Niklisch
  • Thilo Marauhn, Use of Drones
  • Comment by Amnon Reichman
  • Heike Krieger, Cyberwar
  • Comment by Jerg Gutmann
  • Tim Krieger, How to deal with International Terrorism
  • Comment by Stefan Oeter
  • Martina Caroni, Right to Intervene – Responsibility to Protect?
  • Comment by Gad Barzilai
  • Roland Vaubel, The Euro-Crisis – A Crisis of the Rule of Law?
  • Comment by Martin Nettesheim
  • August Reinisch, Rules for an Orderly Insolvency of Nation States
  • Comment by Hans-Bernd Schäfer

New Issue: Nordic Journal of Human Rights

The latest issue of the Nordic Journal of Human Rights (Vol. 35, no. 2, 2017) is out. Contents include:
  • Husen Ahmed Tura, Linking Land Rights and the Right to Adequate Food in Ethiopia: Normative and Implementation Gaps
  • Rikke Frank Jørgensen & Tariq Desai, Right to Privacy Meets Online Platforms: Exploring Privacy Complaints against Facebook and Google
  • Kenneth Asamoa Acheampong, Human Dignity and the Human Rights of Botswana Prisoners of Foreign Origin Living with HIV/AIDS
  • Lisa Grans, Honour-Related Violence and Children's Right to Physical and Psychological Integrity

New Issue: Questions of International Law

The latest issue of Questions of International Law / Questioni di Diritto Internazionale (no. 39, 2017) is out. Contents include:
  • The Silala Waters dispute before the ICJ and the law on the use of international rivers for non-navigational purposes
    • Introduced by Lucas Carlos Lima
    • Tamar Meshel, What’s in a name? The Silala waters and the applicability of international watercourse law
    • Roberta Greco, The Silala Dispute: Between International Water Law and the Human Right to Water

Kinna & Rieu-Clarke: The Governance Regime of the Mekong River Basin

Rémy Kinna (Univ. of Cape Town - Institute of Marine & Environmental Law) & Alistair Rieu-Clarke (Northumbria Univ. - Law) have published The Governance Regime of the Mekong River Basin: Can the Global Water Conventions Strengthen the 1995 Mekong Agreement? (Brill 2017). Here's the abstract:

Entry into force of the UN Watercourses Convention in August 2014, and the opening of the UNECE Water Convention to all states in March 2016, are significant milestones in international water law. A comparative analysis of these two global water conventions and the 1995 Mekong Agreement reveals that all three instruments are generally compatible. Nonetheless, the international legal principles and processes set forth in the two conventions can render the Mekong Agreement more up-to-date, robust and practical.

The Governance Regime of the Mekong River Basin: Can the Global Water Conventions Strengthen the 1995 Mekong Agreement? contends that strengthening the Agreement would be timely, given the increasing pressures associated with the rapid hydropower development within the basin and the gradually emerging disputes therein. Due to these fast-moving developments, Kinna and Rieu-Clarke strongly recommend that the Mekong states should seriously consider joining both conventions in order to buttress and clarify key provisions of the 1995 Mekong Agreement.

New Issue: Inter-American and European Human Rights Journal

The latest issue of the Inter-American and European Human Rights Journal (Vol. 9, no. 2, 2016) is out. Contents include:
  • L. Claridge, Implementing Minority and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: Regional Comparisons
  • L. Clérico & C. Novelli, The Inclusion of the Social Question within the Gender Perspective: Notes to Rewrite ‘Cotton Fields’
  • A. Uzun Marinković & K. Kamber, Fostering Domestication of Human Rights through the Exhaustion of Domestic Remedies: A Lesson Learned from the ECtHR Pilot and Leading Judgment Procedures
  • E. Tramontana, Assessing the Right to a “Dignified Life” in the Context of Social and Cultural Rights Protection: Judicial Success or Failure?
  • B. Boti Bernardi, The Impact of the Gomes Lund Case in Brazil: Perspectives from Family Members of the Victims
  • K. Janik, The Migrants Smuggling Protocol: An Unfinished Business
  • A.C. Yiannaros, From Grandrath to Bayatyan: The Development of European Jurisprudence on Conscientious Objection to Military Service
  • S. Ragone, The Importance of the Relationship between Domestic Institutions and the Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights
  • H. Russell, Striving for ‘Never Again’: A European Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance and the Veiled Protection of Article 2 of the ECHR
  • F. Gómez Isa, EU Human Rights and Democratization Policies in a Changing World
  • M. León, Indigenous Resistance to the Agua Zarca Dam in Honduras: Hydropower Funding of State-Sponsored Repression and the Limits of International Human Rights Jurisprudence

Wednesday, May 31, 2017

Ailincai: Soft Law et droits fondamentaux

Mihaela Anca Ailincai (Université Grenoble-Alpes - Law) has published Soft Law et droits fondamentaux : Actes du colloque du 4 et 5 février 2016 (Pedone 2017). The table of contents is here. Here's the abstract:

La notion de soft law désigne un phénomène extrêmement disparate. Il recouvre par exemple les décisions, avis ou rapports du Défenseur des droits français, les codes d’éthique des entreprises, les résolutions et recommandations de l’Assemblée parlementaire du Conseil de l’Europe ou encore les décisions, conclusions ou observations des comités onusiens de protection des droits de l’homme. Cette hétérogénéité rend veine la quête d’une définition consensuelle de la soft law. Il faut se contenter de quelques critères d’identification, dont le caractère juridiquement non obligatoire et non contraignant des actes concernés et leur caractère normatif. Bien que les contours de la notion soient imprécis, ses manifestations sont ostensibles, en particulier dans le domaine des droits de l’homme.

Le colloque dont les actes sont ici publiés s’est donné pour objectif de dépasser les problèmes de définition et d’identification de la soft law, au profit d’une approche fonctionnelle visant à chercher à comprendre ce que la soft law apporte au droit des droits de l’homme. L’ouvrage se structure autour de deux axes principaux. Il s’agit d’une part de s’interroger sur une éventuelle spécificité de la soft law en matière de droits fondamentaux. Il s’agit d’autre part de questionner sa plus-value dans ce domaine. Sur ces deux points, les contributions d’universitaires et de praticiens assemblées dans cet ouvrage apportent des éclairages incitant à répondre par l’affirmative aux deux questions posées. Cette conclusion donne un sens et une légitimité à la soft law, au moins dans le droit des droits de l’homme.

New Issue: Journal of World Investment & Trade

The latest issue of the Journal of World Investment & Trade (Vol. 18, no. 3, 2017) is out. Contents include:
  • Special Issue: Africa and the Reform of the International Investment Regime
    • Stephan W. Schill, Editorial: The New (African) Regionalism in International Investment Law
    • Makane Moïse Mbengue, Special Issue: Africa and the Reform of the International Investment Regime: An Introduction
    • Laura Páez, Bilateral Investment Treaties and Regional Investment Regulation in Africa: Towards a Continental Investment Area?
    • Makane Moïse Mbengue & Stefanie Schacherer, The ‘Africanization’ of International Investment Law: The Pan-African Investment Code and the Reform of the International Investment Regime
    • Erik Denters & Tarcisio Gazzini, The Role of African Regional Organizations in the Promotion and Protection of Foreign Investment
    • Rukia Baruti, Investment Facilitation in Regional Economic Integration in Africa: The Cases of COMESA, EAC and SADC
    • Eric De Brabandere, Fair and Equitable Treatment and (Full) Protection and Security in African Investment Treaties Between Generality and Contextual Specificity
    • J. Anthony VanDuzer, Canadian Investment Treaties with African Countries: What Do They Tell Us About Investment Treaty Making in Africa?

Call for Papers: Access and Exclusion in Global Governance

A call for papers has been issued for the fifth Barcelona Workshop on Global Governance, which will take place January 11-12, 2018. The theme is: "Access and Exclusion in Global Governance." Here's the call:

Access and Exclusion in Global Governance

Barcelona, 11 & 12 January 2018

Call for Papers

Global governance today involves a wide range of actors, ranging from governments to civil society organizations and multinational corporations, both in formal international organizations as well as in novel, transnational settings. The ‘opening up’ of global governance has been widely hailed for ushering in broader participation and closer links with the public sphere, while it has also drawn critique from those who fear capture by special interests the marginalization of states, governments and the public interest. However, we still know little about which actors enjoy what kind of access, and with what consequences. On the flipside, we know little about who is excluded, formally and informally, and the problems this creates. With this conference, we seek to place access and exclusion into the centre of attention and gain greater clarity as regards the variety of questions that surround them.

The Barcelona Workshop on Global Governance is a venue for the study of global governance – its structure, effects, and problems – from an interdisciplinary perspective, bringing together scholarship from international relations, law, sociology, anthropology, political theory, public administration and history. Its 5th edition will be held on 11 and 12 January 2018 in Barcelona.

Confirmed speakers include Deborah Avant (University of Denver), B. S. Chimni (Jawaharlal Nehru University), Anna Leander (Copenhagen Business School and the Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro), and Joost Pauwelyn (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva). The workshop is organized by ESADEgeo (ESADE Business School’s Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics) and IBEI (Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals). It is financially supported by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation.

We invite abstract proposals from interested scholars from all disciplines. Proposals should not exceed 500 words in length. Preferred format for all submissions is PDF. Please send your proposals an attachment to info@bcnwgg.net and insert “Submission: Barcelona Workshop on Global Governance” as the subject line of the message. The deadline for abstracts is 30 June 2017. All proposals will undergo peer review and notifications of acceptance will be sent out by 31 July 2017. Full papers are expected to be delivered by 31 December 2017 for circulation among participants.

We expect to be able to provide support as regards participants’ travel expenses where this is necessary. Further details can be found here.

Bachvarova: The Standing of Victims in the Procedural Design of the International Criminal Court

Tatiana Bachvarova has published The Standing of Victims in the Procedural Design of the International Criminal Court (Brill | Nijhoff 2017). Here's the abstract:
This book canvasses the autonomous position of victims before the International Criminal Court. It seeks to provide an objective and balanced perspective, and neither rejects the idea of victims’ participation nor seeks to extend it beyond the contours determined by the founders of the ICC. The author contributes to the existing debate in academia and in practice by delineating the core, most complex and contentious matters ensuing from the role assigned to victims. The scrupulously selected issues unveil and blueprint the essential characteristics that delimit the standing of victims as independent actors in the ICC’s arena, distinct from the parties and other non-party participants. As an integral part of the ICC’s synergy, victims converge and interact with its other components. Therefore, the position and role of victims are contemplated in the context of the Court’s procedural mechanism and the mission pursued by the parties and the Chamber. The philosophy underpinning the ICC’s design and the standing of victims therein also requires analysis from a wider perspective. Accordingly, the volume draws an in-depth parallel with relevant developments and trends at the international and domestic level. Close attention is paid to the legal instruments and jurisprudence of international(ized) criminal justice bodies, human rights institutions and non-criminal jurisdictions to the extent useful for shedding further light on the issues at hand. Recourse is also made to various national systems, whenever relevant.

New Issue: Air & Space Law

The latest issue of Air & Space Law (Vol. 42, no. 3, 2017) is out. Contents include:
  • Weimin Diao & Chrystal Zhang, Incorporation of International Aviation Security Conventions into China’s Legislation: Further Integration Is Needed for Effective Implementation
  • P.J. Blount, Satellites Are Just Things on the Internet of Things
  • Arianna Vettorel, Global Positioning System Evidence in Court Proceedings and Privacy: The Case of Italy
  • Joanna Langlade, Noise Restriction Measures and the ‘Balanced Approach’: The Situation at Brussels-National Airport
  • Katarzyna Malinowska, Risk Assessment in Insuring Space Endeavours: A Legal Approach
  • Mikko Huttunen, Unmanned, Remotely Piloted, or Something Else? Analysing the Terminological Dogfight

Nordquist, Moore, & Long: International Marine Economy: Law and Policy

Myron H. Nordquist (Univ. of Virginia - Law), John Norton Moore (Univ. of Virginia - Law), & Ronán Long (World Maritime Univ.) have published International Marine Economy: Law and Policy (Brill | Nijhoff 2017). The table of contents is here. Here's the abstract:
International Marine Economy offers contributions from marine experts around the globe on the economic impacts of recent developments in international waters. From the South China Arbitration Award to the Bay of Bengal Case, this text includes important writings on Artic Shipping and Fisheries, the deep seabed, resources and maritime boundary regimes and studies the possibility of a new international agreement regulating the conservation of biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Finally, it concludes by considering the challenges and opportunities of whaling in the Antarctic Case, ocean governance issues in Southeast Asia, and the exercise of control over foreign merchant vessels and state liability for wrong assessments. This volume offers much needed contemporary commentary from renowned scholars on rapidly evolving maritime topics.

Tuesday, May 30, 2017

New Volume: South African Yearbook of International Law

The latest volume of the South African Yearbook of International Law (Vol. 39, 2014) is out. Contents include:
  • Articles
    • C. Kentaro & W. Scholtz, Armed Conflict and the Environment: Perspectives from African Union Law
    • GM Ferreira & MP Ferreira-Snyman, The use of citizenship and nationality as instruments of control
    • IR Pavone, The human security dimensions of Ebola and the role of the UN Security Council in fighting health pandemics: Some reflections on resolution 2177/2014
    • A Berkes, International responsibility of armed opposition groups
  • Judicial decisions
    • P Vrancken & SY Ntola, Land sovereignty and the Law of the Sea Convention: Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration (Republic of Mauritius v United Kingdom)
    • D Tladi & M Bradley, National Commissioner of the South African Police Service v Southern African Human Rights Litigation Centre and another 2015 (1) SA 315 (CC)
  • Feature on Boko Haram
    • Boko Haram and international law: Mapping the legal terrain for responding to insurgencies and armed conflicts in Africa
    • M Addaney, Tackling the Boko Haram insurgency: Causes, challenges and responses
    • A Agbor, Assessing the legality of Cameroon’s responses to Boko Haram attacks on Cameroonian territory

Kim: Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation

Suk Kyoon Kim (Hanyang Univ.) has published Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation (Brill | Nijhoff 2017). Here's the abstract:
In Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Regional Challenges and Cooperation, Suk Kyoon Kim provides an important multidisciplinary perspective on maritime disputes in one of the most dynamic areas of the world: Northeast Asia, a region of divergent political and economic systems where the legacy of a tumultuous past continues to overshadow current events. The text highlights maritime issues on the Korean Peninsula and extends an analytical eye to neighboring China, Japan and Russia. Kim explores in-depth the factors and issues at stake with complex maritime disputes, focusing on maritime boundary delimitation, territory, energy resources, fishery, marine pollution, and security and safety. This volume provides a timely international law perspective informed by an intricate historical, political, and socio-economic context, while offering a vision for future cooperation.

Kotuby & Sobota: General Principles of Law and International Due Process

Charles T. Kotuby, Jr. (Jones Day) & Luke A. Sobota (Three Crowns LLP) have published General Principles of Law and International Due Process: Principles and Norms Applicable in Transnational Disputes (Oxford Univ. Press 2017). Here's the abstract:

Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice defines "international law" to include not only "custom" and "convention" between States but also "the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations" within their municipal legal systems. In 1953, Bin Cheng wrote his seminal book on general principles, identifying core legal principles common to various domestic legal systems across the globe. This monograph summarizes and analyzes the general principles of law and norms of international due process, with a particular focus on developments since Cheng's writing. The aim is to collect and distill these principles and norms in a single volume as a practical resource for international law jurists, advocates, and scholars. The information contained in this book holds considerable importance given the growth of inter-state intercourse resulting in the increased use of general principles over the past 60 years.

General principles can serve as rules of decision, whether in interpreting a treaty or contract, determining causation, or ascertaining unjust enrichment. They also include a core set of procedural requirements that should be followed in any adjudicative system, such as the right to impartiality and the prohibition on fraud. Although the general principles are, by definition, basic and even rudimentary, they hold vital importance for the rule of law in international relations. They are meant not to define a rule of law, but rather the rule of law.

Deplano: Assessing the Role of Resolutions in the ILC Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law

Rossana Deplano (Univ. of Leicester - Law) has posted Assessing the Role of Resolutions in the ILC Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law: Substantive and Methodological Issues (International Organizations Law Review, forthcoming). Here's the abstract:
On 30 May 2016, the International Law Commission (ILC) adopted a set of 16 draft Conclusions providing a methodology on how to identify customary international law. Although largely based on the two elements approach set forth in Article 38(1)(b) of the ICJ Statute, the ILC study pushes the boundaries of the formal sources of international law beyond the realm of state practice by recognizing that the practice of international organizations (IOs) as such may be constitutive of custom. This article critically examines the ILC draft Conclusions concerning the role of IOs in the process of custom creation. It examines the concept of resolution adopted by the ILC and assesses the coherence of the interpretive methodology devised by the ILC using the UN General Assembly resolutions as a case study. The findings show that the draft Conclusions fall short of expectation in providing authoritative guidance to scholars and practitioners alike.

Ambrus, Rayfuse, & Werner: Risk and the Regulation of Uncertainty in International Law

Mónika Ambrus (Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Rosemary Rayfuse (Univ. of New South Wales - Law), & Wouter Werner (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam - Law) have published Risk and the Regulation of Uncertainty in International Law (Oxford Univ. Press 2017). Contents include:
  • Mónika Ambrus, Rosemary Rayfuse, & Wouter Werner, Introduction
  • Nicholas Tsagourias, Risk and the Use of Force
  • Lianne Boer & Wouter Werner, 'It Could Probably Just as Well be Otherwise': Imageries of cyberwar,
  • Douglas Guilfoyle, Maritime Security and Risk
  • Steven Freeland, Risk, Uncertainty and the International Legal Regulation of Outer Space
  • Mónika Ambrus, The Role of the European Court of Human Rights in Governing Risk
  • Britta Van Beers, The Future Child: Risk and the Regulation of Biomedical Technologies
  • Leslie-Anne Duvic-Paoli, Conceptualising Environmental Risk(s): The Expression of the Obligation of Prevention in International Environmental Law
  • Aline Jaeckel & Rosemary Rayfuse, Conceptions of Risk in an Institutional Context: Deep Seabed Mining and the International Seabed Authority
  • Jaqueline Peel, Imagining Unimaginable Climate Futures in International Climate Change Law
  • Floor Fleurke, Catastrophic Climate Change, Precaution, and the Risk/Risk Dilemma
  • Andreas Ziegler & David Sifonios, The Assessment of Environmental Risk and the Regulation of Process and Production Methods (PPMs) in International Trade Law
  • Azernoosh Bazrafkan & Alexia Herwig, Risk and Responsibility in International Investment Law

Monday, May 29, 2017

Huneeus & Madsen: Between Universalism and Regional Law and Politics: A Comparative History of the American, European and African Human Rights Systems

Alexandra Valeria Huneeus (Univ. of Wisconsin - Law) & Mikael Rask Madsen (Univ. of Copenhagen - Law) have posted Between Universalism and Regional Law and Politics: A Comparative History of the American, European and African Human Rights Systems (International Journal of Constitutional Law, forthcoming). Here's the abstract:
Regional human rights have been heralded as one of the greatest innovations of international law of the 20th century. And yet, the broader debate on the history of human rights has paid surprisingly little attention to regional human rights systems, thereby missing some of the most salient strands of the larger history. This article represents a first systematic attempt to compare the institutional histories of the regional human rights systems in Europe, the Americas and Africa. It reveals how the regional rights systems’ evolution has been shaped in part by the same geopolitical dynamics, and how, in many ways, they have explicitly and implicitly worked in tandem, linked by common challenges, and notably by shared ideas and practices. Our story also uncovers that the paths of influence between the regional rights systems are not, as is often assumed, simply unidirectional: while it is undoubtedly the case that the European human rights system became influential in its region earlier, the Latin American and African systems have also contributed to the making of the broader international human rights order.

Sunday, May 28, 2017

Lines: Drug Control and Human Rights in International Law

Richard Lines (Univ. of Essex - Human Rights Centre) has published Drug Control and Human Rights in International Law (Cambridge Univ. Press 2017). Here's the abstract:
Human rights violations occurring as a consequence of drug control and enforcement are a growing concern, and raise questions of treaty interpretation and of the appropriate balancing of concomitant obligations within the drug control and human rights treaty regimes. Tracing the evolution of international drug control law since 1909, this book explores the tensions between the regime's self-described humanitarian aspirations and its suppression of a common human behaviour as a form of 'evil'. Drawing on domestic, regional and international examples and case law, it posits the development of a dynamic, human rights-based interpretative approach to resolve tensions and conflicts between the regimes in a manner that safeguards human rights. Highlighting an important and emerging area of human rights inquiry from an international legal perspective, this book is a key resource for those working and studying in this field.