La question de la responsabilité des entreprises multinationales pour les violations des droits de l'homme est d'une actualité brûlante. Alors qu'à travers le monde les scandales se multiplient, sur le continent africain, des voix s'élèvent pour dénoncer les nombreuses violations des droits internationalement protégés. Cet ouvrage évalue les réponses offertes par le droit pour l'encadrement de la responsabilité juridique des entreprises multinationales à l'aune des instruments internationaux et africains.
Saturday, June 24, 2017
Belporo: La responsabilité des entreprises multinationales pour les violations des droits de l'homme en Afrique
New Issue: Arbitration International
- Articles
- Jack Beatson, International arbitration, public policy considerations, and conflicts of law: the perspectives of reviewing and enforcing courts
- Constantine Partasides & Simon Maynard, Raising the Curtain on English Arbitration
- Julio César Betancourt, State Liability for Breach of Article II.3 of the 1958 New York Convention
- Recent Developments
- Parul Kumar, Is Fraud Arbitrable? Examining the Problematic Indian Discourse
- Joseph Mante, Arbitrability and public policy: an African perspective
- Leonardo V. P. de Oliveira, Arbitrability under the new Brazilian arbitration act: a real change?
- Case Notes
- Diego P. Fernández Arroyo, The curious case of an arbitration with two annulment courts: comments on the YPF saga
- Rushmi Sethi, International Arbitration: The Secretary of State for the Home Department v Raytheon Systems Ltd, and enforcement of arbitration awards in England and Wales
New Issue: Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales
- Estudios
- César A. Villegas Delgado, El estado de derecho en el ámbito internacional y el imperio de la ley en las relaciones internacionales: Tendencias, retos y desafíos
- Francisco Pascual Vives, El futuro del arbitraje de inversión en los acuerdos internacionales celebrados por la Unión Europea
- Felipe Gómez Isa, EU promotion of deep democracy in Egypt after the Arab spring: A missed opportunity?
- Julio Jorge Urbina, La cooperación internacional en la aplicación de medidas comerciales para luchar contra la pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada
- Carolina Jiménez Sánchez, La persecución de género en el Derecho Internacional de los Refugiados: Nuevas perspectivas
- Beatriz Pérez de las Heras, La Unión Europea y la asociación de naciones del sudeste asiático: Sinergias y retos en la cooperación interregional
- Eulalia W. Petit de Gabriel, Los “derechos consulares” de los extranjeros detenidos: ¿Nuevas cartas en la baraja de los derechos fundamentales?
- Notas
- Jesús Verdú Baeza, A propósito de la cumbre climática de Marrakech: Cuando la solución empieza a ser parte del problema
- Yolanda Martínez Mata, Bolkestein revisited in the era of the sharing economy
- Francisco de Asís Peña Díaz, La agenda europea de migración: Últimos desarrollos
- Marco António Batista Martins & Fernando Miguel Magano Martins, La dependencia hídrica de Portugal respecto a España: Cuestiones de política y seguridad
- Irene Nuviala Lapieza, The expansion of the Panama Canal and its ruling international contract: A mega-project sailing in troubled waters?
Conference: The Other Globalisers: How the Socialist and the Non-Aligned World Shaped the Rise of Post-War Economic Globalisation
Nersessian: International Human Rights Litigation: A Guide for Judges
This Guide was written to assist federal judges in managing and resolving federal cases involving international human rights claims, and it provides a comprehensive analysis of all substantive and procedural issues involved. A detailed analysis is provided on the Alien Tort Statute, Torture Victim Protection Act, and other federal statutes. The book also includes a model scheduling order for human rights cases as well as case summaries, tables, and research references.
The Guide was drafted to be neutral as between human rights plaintiffs and defendants, and thus should provide useful information for all. Because it was commissioned by a federal government agency (the FJC) for the benefit of federal judges, lawyers, and agencies, the Guide has been placed in the public domain and is available as a free resource. Readers can freely distribute, print, and otherwise use and transmit the Guide in its present form, provided that no changes are made to the manuscript itself.
Job Opening: BIICL (Director)
New Additions to the UN Audiovisual Library of International Law
Friday, June 23, 2017
Errico: The American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
New Issue: Global Trade and Customs Journal
- Jorge Miranda, Analysis and WTO Implications of the Proposed ‘Border Adjusted’ Tax
- Pablo Muñiz, Challenging the Validity of EU Customs Measures Before the Court of Justice of the EU: Please Use the Back Door
- Davide Rovetta & Laura Carola Beretta, EU Economic Sanctions Law Against Russia After the ‘Rosneft’ Judgment by the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union: Get Me a Lawyer!
- Zhaokang Jiang, Customs Valuation and Transfer Pricing: Legal Rules, Practices - A China Case Study - and Proposals to Address the Significant Concern for Cost-Efficient Compliance and Trade Facilitation
- Jeong Cheol Cho, Korean Tax Authorities’ Taxation of Foreign-Invested Enterprises Which Are Related Parties
Thursday, June 22, 2017
Vasiliev: Cross-Fertilisation Under the Looking Glass: Transjudicial Grammar and the Reception of Strasbourg Jurisprudence by International Criminal Tribunals
What rules of transjudicial communication govern the international criminal tribunals’ invocation of the European Court of Human Rights’ jurisprudence? What parameters should guide the assessments of inter-curial cross-referencing and on what basis can the specific instances thereof be deemed appropriate or otherwise? In tackling these questions, the present chapter seeks to make a methodological contribution to the debate on judicial cross-fertilization in the area of human rights, although the findings may be of a more general application. The horizontal and discretionary character of transjudicial communication does not – and should not – mean that it is free from any (informal) conventions, and that the recipient court can treat the donor court’s case law the way it pleases. Although broader extra-judicial objectives are sometimes attributed to the cross-fertilization practice, no valid benchmarks can be derived from them such that could be deployed in categorising any inter-systemic transposition of legal tests either as ‘use’ or ‘abuse’. Instead, one should look to how the recipient court identifies, construes, adjusts, and applies foreign rationes: it is the method that matters. Transjudicial cross-referencing is motivated primarily by the recipient court’s aspiration to enhance the quality of its legal analyses and persuasiveness of its reasoning. Thus, any appraisal of this practice should consider, at least, whether it is in fact capable of promoting that goal. The chapter identifies, and demonstrates with examples from jurisprudence, four basic rules of ‘transjudicial grammar’ that international criminal judges should respect when relying on Strasbourg human rights tests. It also reflects on the potential consequences of failing to abide by those rules by way of gauging their deterrent potential.
Wednesday, June 21, 2017
Kassoti: The Council v. Front Polisario Case: The Court of Justice's Selective Reliance on International Rules on Treaty Interpretation (Second Part)
In the context of the debate on the relationship between EU and international law, it has been observed in the literature that the Court’s approach to international law seems to have shifted over time. It has been argued that, although in its earlier case-law the Court seemed to have adopted a friendly and open attitude towards international law, more recent case-law evidences a more reserved, inward-looking attitude and a tendency to eschew engagement therewith. In this context, the Court’s judgment in Front Polisario is highly relevant since the Court relied heavily on international rules on treaty interpretation and, thus, the judgment provides important insights into how the Court treats international law in its practice. This Article discusses the findings of the Court and argues that the Court’s reliance on international law was artificial and selective. The Article concludes by arguing that, ultimately, the Front Polisario judgment lends evidentiary force to critical voices in the literature that have casted doubt on the image of the EU, as evidenced by the jurisprudence of its principal judicial organ, as an actor maintaining a distinctive commitment to international law.
Hilpold: How to Construe a Myth: Neutrality within the United Nations System Under Special Consideration of the Austrian Case
In the 19th century neutrality was a highly appreciated concept. In the 20th century it has widely lost relevance and in principle it should be incompatible with UN membership. However, also under the UN system some states have opted for neutrality and it can be argued that there is still space for this status within the universal peace order. In fact, this peace order is far from perfect. There are several lacunae in the prohibition of the use of force and this concept is open to different interpretations. New threats, such as international terrorism, are emerging that could threaten the absolute prohibition of the use of force. It is contended here that neutrals could play an important role when it comes to find an interpretation of this prohibition that best could reconcile the goals of peace and security with the overall - still imperfect - structure of the UN system. These questions are analysed with primary reference to Austrian neutrality which on the hand seems obsolete but on the other is forcefully looking for a new meaning.
Call for Papers: 2017 ASIL Research Forum (Reminder)
The American Society of International Law calls for submissions of scholarly paper proposals for the ASIL Research Forum to be held during the ASIL Midyear Meeting in St. Louis, Missouri at Washington University School of Law.
The Research Forum, a Society initiative introduced in 2011, aims to provide a setting for the presentation and focused discussion of works-in-progress. All ASIL members are invited to attend the Forum, whether presenting a paper or not.
Papers may be on any topic related to international and transnational law and should be unpublished (for purposes of the call, publication to an electronic database such as SSRN is not considered publication). Interdisciplinary projects, empirical studies, and jointly authored papers are welcome.
Proposals should be submitted via the form here by June 26, 2017. Interested paper-givers should submit an abstract (no more than 500 words in length) summarizing the scholarly paper to be presented at the Forum. Abstracts will be considered via a blind review process. Papers that do not follow these guidelines will not be considered. Notifications of acceptance will go out by the end of July.
Papers accepted for presentation will be assembled into panels. The organizers welcome volunteers to serve as discussants who will comment on the papers. All authors of accepted papers will be required to submit a draft paper four weeks before the Research Forum (September 29, 2017). Accepted authors must commit to being present on both Friday, October 27 and Saturday, October 28, 2017. Draft papers will be posted in advance of the Forum on an asil.org website accessible only by attendees of the Forum.
Anderson & Waxman: Debating Autonomous Weapon Systems, Their Ethics, and Their Regulation Under International Law
An international public debate over the law and ethics of autonomous weapon systems (AWS) has been underway since 2012, with those urging legal regulation of AWS under existing principles and requirements of the international law of armed conflict, on the one side, in argument with opponents who favor, instead, a preemptive international treaty ban on all such weapons, on the other. This Chapter provides an introduction to this international debate, offering the main arguments on each side. These include disputes over defining an AWS, the morality and law of automated targeting and target selection by machine, and the interaction of humans and machines in the context of lethal weapons of war. Although the Chapter concludes that a categorical ban on AWS is unjustified morally and legally — favoring the law of armed conflict’s existing case-by-case legal evaluation — it offers an exposition of arguments on each side of the AWS issue.
Tuesday, June 20, 2017
Cuniberti: Rethinking International Commercial Arbitration: Towards Default Arbitration
This innovative book proposes a fundamental rethink of the consensual foundation of arbitration and argues that it should become the default mode of resolution in international commercial disputes. The book first discusses the most important arguments against this proposal and responds to them. In particular, it addresses the issue of the legitimacy of arbitrators and the compatibility of the idea with guarantees afforded by European human rights law and US constitutional law. The book then presents several models of non-consensual arbitration that could be implemented to afford neutral adjudication in disputes between parties originating from different jurisdictions, to offer an additional alternative forum in the doctrine of forum non conveniens or to save judicial costs.
Brunnée & Toope: Norm Robustness and Contestation in International Law: Self-Defence against Non-State Actors
This paper is part of an interdisciplinary project on 'Norm Robustness and Contestation', convened Nicole Deitelhoff and Lisbet Zimmermann. Using the example of the right to self-defense under customary international law, we engage with questions concerning the linkage between norm robustness and legality. We draw out important differences between validity contestation and applicatory contestation within law. In so doing, we connect the IR debate over norm robustness with our framework of interactional international law, bringing together constructivist insights into social normativity and a theory of international legality. We hypothesize that norms that meet the requirements of legality and are upheld by practices of legality enjoy 'validity' and 'facticity' (as defined by Deitelhoff and Zimmermann), and are 'robust.' This model reveals that law operates through a continuing process of contestation. The requirements of legality impose a discipline, such that legal contestation will normally be applicatory contestation. Through practices of legality, therefore, legal norms can be maintained or shifted. However, legal norms may decay when practices of legality weaken, or when challenges amount to validity contestation. The currently heightened contestation surrounding the circumstances under which the right to self-defense can be exercised against non-state actors allows exploration and illustration of these dynamics.
Symposium: Disaster Risk Reduction and International Law
The international community is grappling with the increasing frequency and severity of a broad range of ‘man-made’ and ‘natural’ disasters, through initiatives such as the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, Sustainable Development Goals 2015, and UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The current global landscape governing disaster risk reduction (DRR) is therefore in a significant period of evolution. It is likely that the reach of DRR will extend into many different legal regimes, both in the development of ‘soft’ (non-binding policy) and ‘hard’ (formally binding) law governing a broad range of disasters.
Conference: ANZSIL 25th Annual Conference
New Issue: Rivista di Diritto Internazionale
- Articoli
- C. Focarelli, Jus gentium in Alberico Gentili: A Call for Prudence and the Common Sense of Humanity
- L. Borlini, Soft law, soft organizations e regolamentazione « tecnica » di problemi di sicurezza pubblica e integrità finanziaria
- P. Mori, La Corte costituzionale chiede alla Corte di giustizia di rivedere la sentenza Taricco: difesa dei controlimiti o rifiuto delle limitazioni di sovranità in materia penale?
- M. Marchegiani, Tendenze evolutive nel ricorso al principio della protezione equivalente da parte della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo
- Note e Commenti
- N. Ronzitti, La legge italiana sulle missioni internazionali
- G. Biagioni, Unioni same-sex e diritto internazionale privato: il nuovo quadro normativo dopo il d.lgs. n. 7/2017
- O. Lopes Pegna, Effetti dei matrimoni same-sex contratti all’estero dopo il « riordino » delle norme di diritto internazionale privato italiane
- Panorama
- A. Saccucci, I « ripensamenti » della Corte europea sul caso Khlaifia: il divieto di trattamenti inumani e degradanti e il divieto di espulsioni collettive « alla prova » delle situazioni di emergenza migratoria
- R. Nigro, La sentenza della Corte di giustizia dell’Unione Europea nel caso Lounani e le controverse motivazioni giuridiche al fine di escludere lo status di rifugiato per presunti terroristi
Monday, June 19, 2017
Chen: Bilateral Investment Treaties and Domestic Institutional Reform
The bilateral investment treaties (BITs) signed between developed and developing countries are supposed to increase the flow of investment from the former to the latter. But the evidence indicates that the existing approach of guaranteeing special protections for foreign investors has only a modest impact on luring their dollars. At the same time they are failing to produce meaningful benefits, these treaty commitments create substantial costs for the host states that make them, exposing them to liability and constraining their regulatory authority. Given this state of imbalance, the time seems ripe for a new approach, but existing proposals for revising BITs are either insufficient or unrealistic, or in some instances even counterproductive.
This Article calls for a fundamental redesign of BITs based on empirically validated premises about how host states actually attract foreign investment. Political science and economic studies show that foreign investors place substantial weight on the quality of domestic institutions. Existing BITs fail to promote investment because they are not an adequate substitute for these institutions, nor are they effective in generating reform. The proposed model would make domestic institutional reform the organizing principle of BIT design, and the Article offers several specific provisions that would help achieve that goal. Such an approach would produce immediate benefits for host states and so should be particularly attractive to developing countries. But the institutional reform model also retains the end goal shared by both sides of increasing foreign investment and so should be more realistically attainable than proposals pitched as benefiting developing states alone.
Gardner: Parochial Procedure
The federal courts are often accused of being too parochial, favoring U.S. parties over foreigners and U.S. law over relevant foreign or international law. According to what this Article terms the “parochial critique,” the courts’ U.S.-centrism generates unnecessary friction with allies, regulatory conflict, and access-to-justice gaps. This parochialism is assumed to reflect the preferences of individual judges: persuade judges to like international law and transnational cases better, the standard story goes, and the courts will reach more cosmopolitan results.
This Article challenges that assumption. I argue instead that parochial doctrines can develop even in the absence of parochial judges. Our sometimes-parochial procedure may be the unintended result of decisionmaking pressures that mount over time within poorly designed doctrines. As such, it reflects not so much the personal views of individual judges but the limits of institutional capacity, the realities of behavioral decisionmaking, and the path dependence of the common law. This Article shows how open-ended decisionmaking in the midst of complexity encourages the use of heuristics that tend to emphasize the local, the familiar, and the concrete. These decisionmaking shortcuts, by disfavoring the foreign, put a parochial thumb on the scale—but that tilt is not limited to individual cases. Rather, it is locked in and amplified through the accumulation of precedent, as later judges rely on existing decisions to resolve new cases. Over time, even judges with positive conceptions of international law and transnational order will find themselves, in applying these doctrines, consistently favoring U.S. litigants over foreigners and U.S. law over foreign or international law.
To explore this theory, this Article traces the evolution of four procedural doctrines: discovery of foreign evidence, forum non conveniens, service of process abroad, and the recognition of foreign judgments. The decisionmaking pressures outlined here can explain why the first two doctrines (framed as open-ended standards) are often criticized as parochial while the latter two (framed in more rule-like terms) are not. And if that account is at least plausible, it supports the primary claim of this Article: the occasional parochialism of our courts does not necessarily reflect the personal prejudices of our judges. If so, then avoiding the costs of parochialism will require structural, not just personal, solutions.
Galbraith: Making Treaty Implementation More Like Statutory Interpretation
Both statutes and treaties are the “supreme law of the land,” and yet quite different practices have developed with respect to their implementation. For statutes, all three branches have embraced the development of administrative law, which allows the executive branch to translate broad statutory directives into enforceable obligations. But for treaties, there is a far more cumbersome process. Unless a treaty provision contains language that courts interpret to be directly enforceable, they will deem it to require implementing legislation from Congress. This Article explores and challenges the perplexing disparity between the administration of statutes and treaties. It shows that the conventional assumption that Congress must implement treaties that are not directly enforceable by courts stems from an unduly narrow historical perspective. Instead, largely forgotten nineteenth-century practice and cases reveal that the executive branch can implement treaties so as to make them enforceable in the courts. Drawing on this past practice, this Article argues that it is time to reconfigure the administration of treaties. In at least some circumstances, the executive branch should be able to translate treaty provisions into court-enforceable obligations in a manner comparable to the statutory context, including through rulemaking by administrative agencies. This approach is particularly desirable for multilateral regulatory treaties, which have come to play an increasingly important role in global governance.
Call for Abstracts: Diálogos de derecho internacional
La Escuela de Derecho de la Universidad Torcuato Di Tella y la Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Internacional convocan a enviar trabajos originales para el primer coloquio “Diálogos de derecho internacional”, que tendrá lugar el día jueves 19 de octubre de 2017 en la sede de la UTDT (Buenos Aires). El coloquio busca promover el debate académico sobre asuntos vinculados al derecho internacional. En esta ocasión, se dará prioridad a los trabajos que fomenten el diálogo entre el derecho internacional y otras disciplinas, como la ciencia política, la economía, los estudios internacionales, la filosofía y la historia.
El coloquio se propone explorar los aportes de otras perspectivas disciplinarias al derecho internacional y discutir si sería necesario adoptar perspectivas disciplinarias específicas en investigaciones futuras. A estos efectos, se alienta especialmente la presentación tanto de trabajos que aborden específicamente la relación entre el derecho internacional y otra(s) disciplina(s), como trabajos que discutan cualquier cuestión de derecho internacional público incorporando una perspectiva interdisciplinaria.
El coloquio está abierto a académicos/as, profesionales y estudiantes avanzados de derecho internacional y disciplinas afines. En particular, se espera contar con la participación de jóvenes internacionalistas. Las propuestas serán seleccionadas de acuerdo a su calidad, originalidad y su capacidad de estimular un debate productivo. Las contribuciones deberán ser inéditas. Los trabajos presentados durante el coloquio serán considerados para su publicación en la Revista Latinoamericana de Derecho Internacional. En esta oportunidad, se aceptarán solamente trabajos en idioma castellano.
La conferencia central estará a cargo de Víctor Abramovich, Profesor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Director de la Maestría en Derechos Humanos de la Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Profesor Adjunto de American University y Procurador Fiscal ante la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación. Se desempeñó como Vicepresidente de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, y como Relator para Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala y Nicaragua, y Relator Especial sobre los derechos de las mujeres ante ese organismo.
Envío de propuestas: Se recibirán resúmenes (máximo 500 palabras) hasta el 15 de julio de 2017. Estos deberán enviarse, junto con un CV actualizado, a coloquiodip2017@gmail.com. Los resultados serán informados el 1 de agosto de 2017. Los borradores deberán ser enviados a más tardar el 1 de octubre de 2017. Lamentablemente, la organización no cuenta con fondos para financiar viajes o estadías para el coloquio.
Call for Papers: Seventh Annual Junior Faculty Forum for International Law
Job Opening: EUI/WZB Berlin (Research Fellow/Ph.D. Candidate)
Sunday, June 18, 2017
Call for Papers: ASIL Midwest Works-in-Progress Workshop
ASIL-Midwest is co-sponsoring its fourth scholarly works-in-progress conference at the Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in Cleveland, Ohio on September 15-16, 2017. The goal is to create a friendly, open conversation about works in progress and to foster a Midwestern United States international law community. To that end, the workshop will include both full drafts and early works in progress.
Those interested in presenting at the conference should send a 500-word abstract to ASIL-Midwest Co-Chair Cindy Buys (cbuys@siu.edu) by Friday, July 28, 2017. Please also include a sentence about the stage the paper is expected to be in by September (e.g., reasonably complete draft, early work in progress, etc.). Papers may address any International Law topics, and this Call for Submissions is open to everyone in the international legal community. Preference will be given to ASIL members who are also members of the ASIL-Midwest Interest Group. Paper presenters will be asked to circulate their drafts (or a summary of the project if it's early stage) to workshop attendees no later than September 1, 2017.
Those interested in serving as a commentator for a paper should also send an email to the Co-Chair Cindy Buys by July 28 (cbuys@siu.edu). Commentators will be asked to prepare five to eight minutes of comments on one or more of the papers. Those interested in presenting are also encouraged to comment on the other papers and should indicate whether they are willing to serve as commentators as well.
ASIL members and Cleveland-Marshall College of Law faculty, staff, and students may attend for free. Participants who are not ASIL members or Cleveland-Marshall College of Law affiliates will be required to pay a $50 registration fee (includes workshop and some meals) for the conference. Some meals will be provided, but participants are responsible for their own travel and hotel expenses. More details regarding transportation, hotels and other logistics will be provided shortly.
For any questions about papers and presentations, please contact ASIL-Midwest Interest Group Co-Chairs, Cindy Buys (cbuys@siu.edu) or Neha Jain (njain@umn.edu). For questions about conference logistics, contact immediate past-Chair, Milena Sterio (m.sterio@csuohio.edu).
Brunnée & Toope: Interactional Legal Theory, the International Rule of Law and Global Constitutionalism
In this contribution to a forthcoming handbook on global constitutionalism, we outline our interactional approach to international law. We then connect that approach to ‘circular,’ practice-oriented and interpretative understandings of the rule of law. We go on to show how those conceptions of the rule of law can help to support a limited ‘constitutionalism’ that is still at a nascent stage in international society. We argue that a constitutionalism that is expressed primarily through the rule of law is more open to diversity than might at first appear to be the case; indeed, we suggest that it is likely to be more open than forms of political constitutionalism that focus on constituent power.